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{{Refimprove|date=October 2011}}
{{Weasel|date=October 2011}}
A '''hypnic jerk''', '''hypnagogic jerk''', '''sleep start''', or '''night start''', is an involuntary [[myoclonus|myoclonic twitch]] which occurs during [[hypnagogia]], just as a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing them to awaken suddenly for a second. Physically, hypnic jerks resemble the "jump" experienced by a person when startled,<ref>[[Medical College of Wisconsin]], [http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/922566923.html Sleep: A Dynamic Activity]</ref>
often accompanied by a [[falling sensation]].<ref>[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]], [http://www.talkaboutsleep.com/sleep-disorders/archives/understandingsleep.htm#disorders Understanding sleep]</ref> A higher occurrence in people with irregular sleep schedules is reported.<ref>[http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep]</ref>
==Causes==
According to the [[American Academy of Sleep Medicine]] there are a wide range of potential causes, including: anxiety, caffeine, stress, and strenuous activities in the evening.<ref name = "Kansan" />
This strange falling sensation and muscle twitch is known as a hypnagogic myoclonic twitch or "Hypnic jerk". Close to 70 percent of all people experience this phenomenon just after nodding off, according to a recent study at the Mayo Clinic.
Most experts agree that this is a natural part of the sleeping process, much like slower breathing and a reduced heartbeat. The occurrence is well known and has been well documented. However, experts are still not completely sure why the body does this.
The consensus among researchers is that, as the muscles begin to slack and go into a restful state as sleep is entered, the brain senses these relaxation signals and misinterprets them as indications of falling. The brain then sends signals to arm and leg muscles in an attempt to regain balance. This misinterpretation that takes place in the brain may also be responsible for the "falling" dreams that accompany the falling sensation. These "dreams" are not really normal dreams, as they are not produced from [[REM sleep]], but rather more like a daydream or hallucination in response to the body’s sensations.
While this phenomenon happens to most, studies have recently begun to link some occurrences of "Hypnic jerks" to sleep anxiety, fatigue, and discomfort. People who are having trouble sleeping or cannot get comfortable in bed appear to experience the sensation more often throughout the night. It is especially more common with people who are trying to fight falling asleep or have deprived themselves of sleep for more than 24 hours.
Researchers believe that the lack of sleep from sleep anxiety or sleep deprivation confuses the muscles and the brain. The muscles continually attempt to relax and shut down for rest, while the brain remains awake creating continued "misinterpretations" of falling or loss of balance.
Scientists and researchers continue to study sleep twitching and jerking in a small capacity, but state that the sensation is completely normal for our bodies and is of little medical significance. Our bodies go through several procedures of shutting down and preparing for an extended period of rest. "Hypnic jerking" is just one of them. It does not appear to cause damage to the body and poses no danger to its physical wellbeing.
Hypnic jerks can occur in anyone. These jerks or sleep startles normally occur at the onset of sleep, rather than at the offset. During an epilepsy and intensive care study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presences only at sleep onsets, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.<ref>Fisch, Bruce J. Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical, 2010. Print.</ref>
According to another study on sleep disturbances, hypnic jerks occur during the non-REM sleep cycle and is an “abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling.”<ref>Askenasy, J.J. M. "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism." Journal of Neural Transmission (2003): 125-50. Www.springlink.com. Springer-Verlag. Web. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/v9p64f0guwn9urhd/fulltext.pdf>.</ref> Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4-7 per hour at the age ranging from 8 to 12 years old, and it decreases toward 1-2 per hour at 65 to 80 years old.<ref>Askenasy, J.J. M. "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism." Journal of Neural Transmission (2003): 125-50. Www.springlink.com. Springer-Verlag. Web. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/v9p64f0guwn9urhd/fulltext.pdf>.</ref>
==Cycle==
According to Marianne Middleton, clinical coordinator at the Lawrence Memorial Hospital Sleep Disorders Center, the occurrence of hypnic jerks can become cyclical. The cycle occurs because: "If you lose sleep because you constantly jerk awake, you will become fatigued and may develop [[anxiety]] or worry about falling asleep. The more worried and tired you are, the more likely you are to jerk awake. The more you jerk awake, the more sleep you lose."<ref name = "Kansan">[http://www.kansan.com/news/2008/feb/28/case_jerks/ A Case of the Jerks] by Kaitlyn Syring, ''[[University Daily Kansan]]'', February 28, 2008</ref>
==See also==
*[[Periodic limb movement disorder]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk.htm What is a Hypnic Jerk?] at [[WiseGEEK]]
* [http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/2291.html Jolt on the way to Dreamland: Hypnic Jerk] at [[Go Ask Alice!]]
* [http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400711/Jolted-Awake-by-Hypnic-Jerks.html Jolted Awake by Hypnic Jerks?] - Q & A library of [[Andrew Weil|Dr. Andrew Weil]]
* [http://howtosleepwithanxiety.com Sleep Anxiety Caused By Hypnic Jerks?] at [[Make A Dream Publishing Ltd]]
{{SleepSeries2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hypnic Jerk}}
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[ar:اهتزازات بداية النوم]]
[[de:Einschlafzuckungen]]
[[el:Υπναγωγικός σπασμός]]
[[fr:Myoclonies d'endormissement]]
[[he:קפיצת הירדמות]]
[[nl:Hypnagoge schok]]
[[ja:ジャーキング]]
[[zh:入睡抽動]]
{{Weasel|date=October 2011}}
A '''hypnic jerk''', '''hypnagogic jerk''', '''sleep start''', or '''night start''', is an involuntary [[myoclonus|myoclonic twitch]] which occurs during [[hypnagogia]], just as a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing them to awaken suddenly for a second. Physically, hypnic jerks resemble the "jump" experienced by a person when startled,<ref>[[Medical College of Wisconsin]], [http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/922566923.html Sleep: A Dynamic Activity]</ref>
often accompanied by a [[falling sensation]].<ref>[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]], [http://www.talkaboutsleep.com/sleep-disorders/archives/understandingsleep.htm#disorders Understanding sleep]</ref> A higher occurrence in people with irregular sleep schedules is reported.<ref>[http://www.sleephomepages.org/sleepsyllabus/fr-d.html Basics of Sleep Behavior: NREM and REM Sleep]</ref>
==Causes==
According to the [[American Academy of Sleep Medicine]] there are a wide range of potential causes, including: anxiety, caffeine, stress, and strenuous activities in the evening.<ref name = "Kansan" />
This strange falling sensation and muscle twitch is known as a hypnagogic myoclonic twitch or "Hypnic jerk". Close to 70 percent of all people experience this phenomenon just after nodding off, according to a recent study at the Mayo Clinic.
Most experts agree that this is a natural part of the sleeping process, much like slower breathing and a reduced heartbeat. The occurrence is well known and has been well documented. However, experts are still not completely sure why the body does this.
The consensus among researchers is that, as the muscles begin to slack and go into a restful state as sleep is entered, the brain senses these relaxation signals and misinterprets them as indications of falling. The brain then sends signals to arm and leg muscles in an attempt to regain balance. This misinterpretation that takes place in the brain may also be responsible for the "falling" dreams that accompany the falling sensation. These "dreams" are not really normal dreams, as they are not produced from [[REM sleep]], but rather more like a daydream or hallucination in response to the body’s sensations.
While this phenomenon happens to most, studies have recently begun to link some occurrences of "Hypnic jerks" to sleep anxiety, fatigue, and discomfort. People who are having trouble sleeping or cannot get comfortable in bed appear to experience the sensation more often throughout the night. It is especially more common with people who are trying to fight falling asleep or have deprived themselves of sleep for more than 24 hours.
Researchers believe that the lack of sleep from sleep anxiety or sleep deprivation confuses the muscles and the brain. The muscles continually attempt to relax and shut down for rest, while the brain remains awake creating continued "misinterpretations" of falling or loss of balance.
Scientists and researchers continue to study sleep twitching and jerking in a small capacity, but state that the sensation is completely normal for our bodies and is of little medical significance. Our bodies go through several procedures of shutting down and preparing for an extended period of rest. "Hypnic jerking" is just one of them. It does not appear to cause damage to the body and poses no danger to its physical wellbeing.
Hypnic jerks can occur in anyone. These jerks or sleep startles normally occur at the onset of sleep, rather than at the offset. During an epilepsy and intensive care study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presences only at sleep onsets, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.<ref>Fisch, Bruce J. Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos Medical, 2010. Print.</ref>
According to another study on sleep disturbances, hypnic jerks occur during the non-REM sleep cycle and is an “abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling.”<ref>Askenasy, J.J. M. "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism." Journal of Neural Transmission (2003): 125-50. Www.springlink.com. Springer-Verlag. Web. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/v9p64f0guwn9urhd/fulltext.pdf>.</ref> Hypnic jerks are more frequent in childhood with 4-7 per hour at the age ranging from 8 to 12 years old, and it decreases toward 1-2 per hour at 65 to 80 years old.<ref>Askenasy, J.J. M. "Sleep Disturbances in Parkinsonism." Journal of Neural Transmission (2003): 125-50. Www.springlink.com. Springer-Verlag. Web. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/v9p64f0guwn9urhd/fulltext.pdf>.</ref>
==Cycle==
According to Marianne Middleton, clinical coordinator at the Lawrence Memorial Hospital Sleep Disorders Center, the occurrence of hypnic jerks can become cyclical. The cycle occurs because: "If you lose sleep because you constantly jerk awake, you will become fatigued and may develop [[anxiety]] or worry about falling asleep. The more worried and tired you are, the more likely you are to jerk awake. The more you jerk awake, the more sleep you lose."<ref name = "Kansan">[http://www.kansan.com/news/2008/feb/28/case_jerks/ A Case of the Jerks] by Kaitlyn Syring, ''[[University Daily Kansan]]'', February 28, 2008</ref>
==See also==
*[[Periodic limb movement disorder]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-hypnic-jerk.htm What is a Hypnic Jerk?] at [[WiseGEEK]]
* [http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/2291.html Jolt on the way to Dreamland: Hypnic Jerk] at [[Go Ask Alice!]]
* [http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400711/Jolted-Awake-by-Hypnic-Jerks.html Jolted Awake by Hypnic Jerks?] - Q & A library of [[Andrew Weil|Dr. Andrew Weil]]
* [http://howtosleepwithanxiety.com Sleep Anxiety Caused By Hypnic Jerks?] at [[Make A Dream Publishing Ltd]]
{{SleepSeries2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hypnic Jerk}}
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[ar:اهتزازات بداية النوم]]
[[de:Einschlafzuckungen]]
[[el:Υπναγωγικός σπασμός]]
[[fr:Myoclonies d'endormissement]]
[[he:קפיצת הירדמות]]
[[nl:Hypnagoge schok]]
[[ja:ジャーキング]]
[[zh:入睡抽動]]
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