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→Diagnosis
Polysomnography (sleep study) with the use of a probe to measure Pes (esophageal pressure) is the Gold standard diagnostic test for UARS. Apneas and hypopneas are absent or present in low numbers. Multiple snore arousals may be seen, and if an esophageal probe (Pes) is used, progressive elevation of esophageal pressure fluctuations terminating in arousals is noted. UARS can also be diagnosed using a nasal cannula/pressure transducer to measure the inspiratory airflow vs time signal.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608900/ Treatment of upper airway resistance syndrome in adults: Where do we stand? 20 Mar 2015
Table 1
UARS definitions.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Authors !! Clinical criteria !! Polysomnographic criteria !! Polysomnographic criteria
|-
| Kristo et al., 2005 [47]|| Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS >10) || Pes≤- 12 cm H2O || AHI<5/hour, Arousal Index≥10/hour, RERA≥5/hour
|-
| Guilleminault et al. [7] || Excessive daytime sleepiness or fatigue || Pes and flow limitation by nasal cannula || AHI<5/hour, RDI>5/hour (RERA), Oxygen saturation>92%
|-
| Loube et al., 2009 [48] || Excessive daytime sleepiness || Inductance plethysmogrhaphy Pes≤- 12 cm H2O || AHI<5/hour and RERA≥10/hour
|-
| Stoohs et al., 2009 [49] || Excessive daytime sleepiness or fatigue || Flow limitation by nasal cannula || AHI<5/hour and presence of RERA
|-
| Pépin et al., 2012 [6] || Excessive daytime sleepiness || Pes, flow limitation by nasal cannula || RERA as more than 50% of respiratory events
|}
ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pes: Esophageal pressure, AHI: Apnea / Hypopnea Index, RERA: Respiratory Event-Related Arousal, RDI: Respiratory Disturbance Index
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608900/ Treatment of upper airway resistance syndrome in adults: Where do we stand? 20 Mar 2015]
==Explanation==
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