As long as we're talking about the same ResMed AirCurve 10 series, or the newer 11 series respectively, both ASV and ST-A are physically very similar. One exception is the ST-A has a slim black alarm sound and light module on top. And the ST-A power port has a lock to prevent disconnecting it, located on the back of the machine.
ASV has different programming that specifically is after Central Apnea. Its therapy settings will include up to EPAP range, PS range, and then IPAP range that's the sum of EPAP plus PS. ResMed ASV does not have any manual timing controls pertaining to breathing or treatment.
ST-A has the iVAPS mode that's mentioned in your quote above. This is a ventilator mode, ResMed's version of AVAPS. I have trialed this myself from a borrowed device a few years ago, so some info is somewhat sketchy. There's more or less the full complement of timing controls, includes backup breath rate to trigger breath assistance, there's input for inhale duration possibly Ti Min and Max, there's a Trigger setting to change sensitivity to trigger inhale, Cycle sensitivity to return to exhale. And so on.
The ASV will treat Central, Obstructive, Hypopnea, but the focus is CA. Backup breath rate is focused to help during a CA breath pause to jolt the patient into a breath, not quite the same as the ventilator.
To assist you, attached is a screenshot of the clinical manual on the available settings in the ST-A.
ST-A modes and pertaining settings
iVAPS mode description from ResMed's clinical manual
Table from ResMed to give brief description of their machines, including ASV and ST-A
PS if your neuromuscular disease hinders breathing, this can be a reason for a ventilator style machine.
Feel free to screenshot the images to show the doctor, in helping get the right machine.